HYPERTEXT  TRANSFER  PROTOCOL





The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser. 

Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. Development of early HTTP requests for comments(RFCs) was a coordinated effort by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) with work later moving to the IETF. 

HTTP is a stateless protocol. A stateless protocol does not require the HTTP server to retain information or status about each user for the duration of multiple request. However some web applications implements states or server side sessions using for instance HTTP cookies or hidden variables within web forms. 

HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model. For example may be the client and an application running on a computer hosting a website may be the server. The client submits an HTTP request message to the server. The server which provide resources such as HTML files and other content, or performs other functions on behalf of the client, returns a response message to the client.


WORLD WIDE WEB COMMUNICATION


The World Wide Web is about the communication between web clients and web servers. Clients are often browser (chrome, Edge, Safari), but they can be any type of program or device. Servers are most often computers in the cloud. 


HTTP  Request / Response


  • A client sends an HTTP request to the web
  • An web servers receive the request
  • The server runs an application to process the request
  • The server returns an HTTP response to the browser
  • The client receives the response


HTTP REQUEST CIRCLE


  1. The browser request an HTML page. The server returns an HTML file.
  2. The browser request a style sheet. The server returns an CSS file.
  3. The browser request an JPG file. The server returns an JPG file.
  4. The browser request Javascript code. The server returns JS file.
  5. The browser request data. The server returns data (in XML or JSON).


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